Exeter Tree and Garden Care
All aspects of tree surgery, tree care and hedge care undertaken by qualified tree surgeons.
Mobile - 07837 680076
All aspects of tree surgery, tree care and hedge care undertaken by qualified tree surgeons.
Mobile - 07837 680076
Offering a comprehensive range of arboricultural (tree surgery, tree care) and horticultural services.
Taking care of the trees and gardens of Exeter and surrounding area's.
Focused on building our business through reputation and recommendation.
Over 30 years arboricultural, forestry and horticultural experience.
Neil Bygrave - BSc. Hons. Forestry
Fully Insured
Arboricultural Association Associate, NPTC, City and Guilds qualified tree surgeons and garden maintenance contractors.
All aspects of Tree and Garden Maintenance Services undertaken in Exeter and surrounding areas:
We are Registered/Licensed Green Waste Carriers - Waste from our activities is recycled by us or reputable recycling companies into compost, garden mulch or firewood.
Free no obligation quotations and advice.
Personalised service.
Happy to work with all Customers under their preferred communication and payment formats.
For further, and most recent news, on our work and tree related information please visit our Facebook page -https://m.facebook.com/exetertreeandgardencare/
Exeter Conifer Hedge Pruning, Exeter Conifer Hedge Cutting
"May I reiterate my thanks for the excellent work that you carried out this morning - especially your treatment of the fruit garden side of the internal hedge."
Exeter Tree Surgery, Exeter Tree Felling, Exeter Tree Removal, Exeter Tree Dismantle, Exeter Storm Damaged Tree Removal, Exeter TPO Tree Removal
"Big thank you for your hard work this morning. Great job! Thank you!"
Exeter Tree Surgery, Exeter Tree Felling, Exeter Tree Removal, Exeter Tree Dismantling, Exeter Conifer Removal, Exeter Crown Lift
"Can I take the opportunity to say a huge thank you for the work you did for us yesterday. We’ve been very happy with your services from the start - with the initial consultation, what we agreed, how you carried the work out, and the price you charged. The service was 100% professional throughout. "
Exeter Tree Surgery, Exeter Tree Felling, Exeter Hedge Pruning, Exeter Tree Removal
"Good evening Neil,
"Thanks very much for such a great job, I'm amazed at the volume of work.
I was impressed from our first meeting so am really pleased to have done business with you.
I hope that I can contact you again when we need more expert help."
Exeter Difficult Hedge Pruning, Exeter Hedge Cutting
"Thanks again for your efficient and tidy work. Much appreciated. "
Exeter Tree Removal, Exeter Tree Felling
"Many thanks for removing our tree this morning. We are very pleased with the result and are impressed that you left everything so tidy.
Thanks also for the free advice on how to prune our small apple trees. It was very much appreciated. I think we are confident to do the pruning ourselves now you have shown us what to do."
Exeter Tree Dismantling, Exeter Tree Felling, Exeter Tree Surgery
"We were very pleased with the result and for the way you left everything clean and tidy. You certainly earned your money today. Thank you."
Exeter Tree Dismantling, Exeter Tree Felling, Exeter Tree Surgery
"Just wanted to say thank you and I was very impressed with the professional service which you have provided.
I will be recommending you to anyone who asks."
Exeter Tree Felling
"Hi Neil
Thank you for the work you did today, immensely pleased with your professionalism, service and consideration of others, the clearing up was amazing, you’d never know you’d done it!
We’ll definitely keep you in mind if there is any other works to be done and will recommend you without hesitation."
Exeter Tree Felling, Exeter Tree Surgery, Exeter Tree Dismantle
"Dear Neil
Thank you for your speed, efficiency, empathy and kindness in felling the laburnum this morning and for indulging me with my questions and requests for keepsakes of the tree that has been a friend to the local wildlife and me for the last twenty-five years.
With my best wishes"
Exeter Tree Felling, Exeter Tree Surgery, Exeter Tree Dismantle
"Hi Neil,
Thanks for all your effort today. A great experience and we will do more business in the future, I'm sure. "
Please see Feedback Section below for further details
Tree Services:
We are primarily focused in Exeter and immediate surrounding areas - Topsham, Chudleigh, Doddiscombleigh, Kenn, Kennford, Ashcombe, Ide, Longdown, Tedburn St Mary, Newton St Cyres, Brampford Speke, Beare, Broadclyst, Cranbrook, Rockbeare, Feniton, Honiton, Cullompton, Woodbury, Woodbury Salterton, Farringdon, Aylesbeare, Lympstone, Exton, Clyst St George, Dawlish Warren, Cockwood, Starcross, Kenton, Exminster
Garden Services:
Primarily Exeter, Topsham
Tree Climber, Tree Groundsman
Joe (left) - Tree Groundsman, Tree Climber
Charlie - Tree Climber
Tree Climber
If you prefer, please complete the above form, including a contact number, and I will call you within 24 hours.
Alternatively please call my mobile number during Normal Hours.
Neil Bygrave
34 Tollards Road, Exeter, Devon, England, EX2 6JJ, United Kingdom
Mobile - 07837 680076
Exeter Tree Dismantle, Exeter Tree Felling, Removal Large Birch Tree Confined Space
Thank you so much for all your work yesterday and for leaving site so clean. I don't know how you did it all.
Exeter Tree Pruning Crown Reduction
Thank you so much for your work today- I very much appreciate your attention to detail and the efforts you went to to clear up after yourself.
Exeter Annual Garden Tree Prune and Tree Removals
Thank you very much for the excellent job you did today. We are very pleased with the end result. With regard to the removal of our front garden hedge, we are pleased to accept your quote
Exeter Crown Lifting and Shaping
Dear Neil
Another neat, tidy and professional job. Many thanks.
Exeter Leylandii Conifer Hedge Pruning
Thank you again for the job today. The hedge looks great and and the service provided was impeccable.
Exeter Crown reduction Eucalyptus and Magnolia, numerous shrub pruning
Hi Neil
I would just like to thank you for an excellent job, very efficiently, professionally and tidily carried out.
I have already had a couple of neighbours comment on a good job and asking for your details, which needless to say I have passed on.
Exeter Tree Surgery, Crown Crown Lifting, Deadwood Removal, Tree Felling, Overgrown Hedge Work
Dear Neil
I have to say I am so very impressed by the level of professional service that you and Charlie provide.
We are delighted with the work, and it has transformed our garden. I look forward to speaking with you again in June 2021
Exeter Pollarding Large Weeping Willow Tree
Thank you for a great job, we will be sure to contact you for a repeat prune.
Exeter Topsham Conifer Hedge Removal Including Stumps
A very clean and tidy job, expertly done. Thank you.
Exeter Crown Lifting of Pine, Large Pear Tree Removal Including Stump, Annual Prune of Numerous Large Shrubs
Dear Neil,
Many thanks for your work carried out yesterday, we are very pleased with the results!
Exeter Conifer Removals, Including Stump Removal
Hi Neil
Just wanted to say thank you for the excellent tree removal work. Came home from work to a very different-looking garden (in a good way!) and no mess! Very much appreciate your hard work and will recommend your services highly.
Exeter Conifer (Thuja) Removal, Various Tree and Shrub Pruning
Excellent job, well carried out, well cleared up. Now I can see the fence, I might have to paint it!
Exeter Tree Felling and Tree Surgery
“I’m more than happy to recommend Neil and Exeter Tree and Garden Care. Neil was quick to come and quote for the job I needed doing, was polite, informative and someone who I felt was very trustworthy from the start. He provided me with a competitive quote and turned up early on the agreed date. The work he did was excellent and he also left everywhere very clean and tidy. Overall I couldn’t fault him and would certainly use his services again.”
Exeter Clearing of Large Windblown Willow Limb
We were both very impressed by the prompt service and the way you disposed of the branches on Saturday and cleared up afterwards, it was very professional.
Exeter Tree Felling and Hedge Cutting
Hi Neil,
Just home and seen the work you have done today. Have to say all looks great. Thanks for a brilliant job.
Excellent and knowledgeable service. Very tidy work and would recommend.
Exeter Tree Surgery Crown Lifting and Crown Reduction, Tree Felling
What a difference, excellent work, thank you Neil
Tree Surgery in Exeter
Thanks Neil, the trees look great and you left the garden very clean and tidy.
No doubt I will contact you again when they need another trim.
Exeter Large Tree Dismantle
Hi Neil, thanks for efficient and tidy job.
Exeter Hedge Work
Neil coppiced some hazels in our garden this week. He worked efficiently and quickly and left the garden tidy and practically free from debris which is obviously difficult when cutting wood. He is reasonably priced and friendly. Would recommend.
Exeter Hedge Cutting
We are VERY pleased with the work you have done for us.
Exeter Tree Work, Tree Surgeon in Exeter
Thanks for such a good job taking my dead apple tree down, and for leaving the garden so beautiffully clean.
Regular Garden Maintenance Exeter
It's looking fantastic - thank you so much.
Exeter Fortnightly Grass Cutting, Large Domestic Garden and Orchard
We both commented how well the lawns were looking following your work on Sat 18th, especially the edges which you had left very tidy indeed.
Neil - the high standard of your work, your efficiency and reliability are greatly appreciated.
Taming Wild Garden Exeter
Thanks so much for your sterling work today - that was quite a job
Hedge Cutting Honiton
I am very pleased - thank you for your hard work and hope you did not get too prickled !!
Tree and Large Shrub Removal Exeter
Thanks Neil. I'm really impressed with your hard work.
Tree Felling Exeter
Thank you for your excellent service today.
Regular Garden Maintenance Exeter
Thanks Neil - the garden is looking great!
Overgrown Garden Tidy Exeter
Thank you again for this mornings work which I am so pleased with. Sure I will be glad of your assistance in the future.
Tree Work Wellington
Wow! What a fantastic job you've done Neil, and in this heat too! We are delighted.
Thank you so much.
Shrub and Tree Pruning Exeter
We are very pleased with the pruning, thank you
Grass Cutting Exeter
Dear Neil
Thanks for the long grass cut - looks so much better.
Yes please put our grass cuts on your rota
Exeter Tree Surgery
Thankyou again for the work you have done , a satisfied customer !
Leylandii Hedge Removal, Stump Removal Exeter
Thank you for a great job, very efficient clean and tidy, we will definitely recommend you.
Exeter Tree Work
Dear Neil,
Just got back and I think it looks really good.
Thank you so much for your thoughtful 'execution' of the job. I'm really pleased.
It's also really apparent how much more natural day light it now brings to the dining area downstairs.
Exeter Tree Dismantle Overhanging Summerhouse
Thank you Neil, very impressed with your skills and hard work.
Regular Garden Maintenance Exeter
Thank you for all your hard work, I really appreciate the results.
Tree Crown Reduction and Shaping plus Multiple Stump Removals Exeter
Thanks Neil, you and the boys did a brilliant job.
Regular Garden Maintenance Exeter
The garden is looking really good, thank you. Please carry on looking after it as you see fit.
Stump Removal, Tree, Shrub and Conifer Hedge Pruning Exeter
Thank you for a wonderful job. Very quick, efficient and clean work.
Removal Large Cherry Tree Partly Overhanging Neighbours Pond, Shrubs Exeter
Dear Mr Bygrave,
Thanks for carrying out the work on the cherry tree. Out neighbour has remarked positively on the way his garden and drive was left and has also welcomed the extra sunlight reaching his garden.
My wife and I were both pleased with the clean way in which you and Joe left things at the end of the job. It’s a failure to tidy up that often lets small businesses down.
Overgrown Garden Exeter
Dear Neil
Many thanks, the garden and the areas around the house are vastly improved!
Overgrown Garden Exeter
Thank you Neil, I would never have believed you could make such a big difference in 1 day.
Conifer Removals Exeter, Tree Surgery Exeter
Your a speedy man. Very impressed with the way you worked today. Excellent job.
Overgrown Garden Exeter
We are very pleased with the result. I have already had one neighbour round who was impressed by your handiwork. I passed your name on to her.
Large Tree Removal and Crown Lifting Exeter
Dear Neil
Thank you so much for your time and providing us with your quote so quickly.
We both think your quote is excellent and are so grateful for your helpful email regarding the council investigations and our arguments for removal/lifting.
Customer Recommendation in Our Local Expert Exeter
Highly professional - and very good on the business side. What I really like about him is that he breaks quotations down by the work required, and doesn't just give you a round figure. He also turns up exactly the time he says he will.
Small Tree and Shrub Removals, Garden Clearance Exeter
Hello Neil,
We were delighted with the work completed yesterday. I was expecting the site to be left with holes and gaps all the over the place, but you'd never know there had even been any plants, trees there whatsoever. A top notch job, so thank you very much.
Brush-cutting Exeter
Thank you for such a great job, and you did it so quickly, amazing.
Difficult Mixed Hedge Pruning Exeter
Thanks very much for a very neat and tidy job.
Much appreciated.
Boundary Eucalyptus Dismantle, Removal, Overhanging Neighbours Extension Exeter
Many thanks for such a professional job, you can hardly see there was a tree there and the garden is so much lighter!
Selective Branch Pruning From Large Ilex Oak, Allowing Light To Neighbours and Owners Garden. Tree Overhanging Customers Shrub Beds Exeter
I really can’t see any damage to anything, how on earth did you manage it.
Thank you for the lovely job, it looks much better.
Medium Sized Conifer Removal, Stump Removal Exeter
Thanks for the super job you did removing the tree from my front garden yesterday. So much space and light
Removal of Cherry Tree Including Stump Exeter
Many thanks for your efficient work and helpful advice.
Topping Large Ellwoodii Conifer Exeter
Hello Neil.
Thanks for trimming the tree. You've done a great job and left no sign of debris at all.
Leylandii Conifer Hedge Reduction Exeter
Hi Neil
Thanks for your work on the hedge today. We are really pleased with the outcome. It looks very neat and we appreciate how you cut the trunks lower than the branches to limit the dead look on top. Great job!
Conservation Areas, Tree Preservation Orders, High Hedges
The following sections are taken from the Exeter City Council website (being typical of the Councils in this area) and are intended to give an overview and lead into these subjects. Warning - If taking action, you will need to find these pages and follow their current guidance and not that detailed here which may become out of date.
Trees & Hedges: TPO’s and Conservation Areas - Tree Preservation Orders - Exeter City Council
Works to East Devon trees - East Devon
Applying for permission to do works to a protected tree - Teignbridge District Council
Tree TPO and Conservation Area Maps
Most Councils have an online interactive Map showing the extent of Conservation Areas and TPO Tree positions. You type in your postcode to the Search feature and the map will take you to that location.
Trees & Hedges: TPO’s and Conservation Areas - Map of Tree Preservation Orders - Exeter City Council
None available for East Devon District Council - They have and enquiry form system -
Protected Tree Enquiry - East Devon District Council
Protected tree checker - Teignbridge District Council
"Trees in Conservation Areas
All trees in conservation areas are protected if they have a stem diameter of 7.5cm and measures 1.5m above ground. It is illegal to cut down, top, lop, uproot, damage or destroy a tree within a conservation area unless 6 weeks’ notice has been given. This notice period allows the Council time to decide if the tree should be protected by a TPO.
While a conservation area notification can be submitted to the Council in any format it may be easier to complete a formal application form.
Tree Preservation Orders
Many trees in Exeter are protected by Tree Preservation Orders (TPO’s) and trees in conservation areas are given automatic protection. If your tree is protected in either of these ways then you will need to apply for permission before doing any works.
If you require a copy of any TPO on or affecting your property please contact the Council with the address, or preferably, the reference number of the TPO.
TPO Trees
A TPO is made to preserve trees with a landscape and/or amenity value.
It is illegal to cut down, top, lop, uproot, damage or destroy a tree protected by a TPO, however If the tree is dead or dangerous and immediate work is needed then you should:
If you want to undertake works to a tree which has a preservation order on it you will need to complete and submit an application form.
Apply to Work on a Preserved Tree
To apply to work on a tree that has Tree Preservation Order, you need to go through the same process as applying for planning permission to work on a building.
There is no charge for these applications.
All documents provided in the application will go on to our website for public viewing. Private telephone numbers, private email addresses and signatures will be removed.
There is more information and help about how to apply on the Council Planning Portal.
If you have any questions, contact the Council for advice before you start work.
High Hedges
If your neighbour's tall hedge is blocking your view or restricting light levels to your property then you can make a formal complaint about the hedge under the Anti-Social Behaviour Act 2003.
The Council's role is to act as an independent and impartial adjudicator. They cannot negotiate or mediate between parties and an only get involved once you have tried and exhausted all other avenues to resolve your dispute.
You must be able to answer 'yes' to all of the following points before the Council can get involved:
If you wish to complain you must complete the high Hedges Complaints Form using the High Hedges Guidance Notes.
There is a fee of £350 (as at Dec 2020) for Council involvement and you must include your payment with the completed form."
Private Trees, Legal Rights, Trees and Buildings, Shading, TV Reception, Roots
The following extract topics are taken from East Devon District Council's website and again are typical of most local Councils. The extracts below are meant as a brief introduction only to each topic. Warning - If taking action, you will need to find these pages and follow their current guidance and not that detailed here which may become out of date.
Private Trees
The council is unable to help in dealing with complaints regarding trees on private property as the council does not have responsibility for them. This is a civil matter which would need to be resolved with the owner of the tree. Landowners can be identified by using the on-line Land Registry Service and advice can be sort from a suitably qualified arboriculturalist.
Legal Rights
Where a branch overhangs your boundary, you have a Common Law right to legally prune the tree back to the boundary line. There is also a contradictory Common Law that you will not cause damage to another person’s property. The courts have never been asked to decide which law takes precedence.
Before carrying out any work it would be polite to contact the owner of the tree to inform them of your intentions. You will also need to offer the pruned material back to them as it remains their property. Work should not be carried out from the neighbouring property nor extend beyond the property boundary without the landowners specific consent.
Trees touching or damaging buildings
Direct physical contact between trees and buildings will lead to both being damaged. In order to avoid this situation it is advised that branches are periodically cut back to give a clearance where possible of at least 1.5m. The permission of the trees owner may be required to achieve optimum clearance.
Shading
In the case of deciduous trees there is no established legal redress to the right to light. The law in relation to the right to light refers to situations where it can be established that there has been 20 years of uninterrupted enjoyment of light at a window or opening to the main rooms of your house.
In the case of evergreen trees, if the crowns of two or more trees have grown together and are casting shade on your garden and/or house then there may be a course of redress through the Anti-Social Behaviour Act 2003 (High Hedges)
Television Reception
As with the right to light, there is no right to television reception. Trees can cause interference with TV reception especially during periods of exceptional weather. The effects of nearby trees on reception should be considered if installing satellite television. Often, relocating an aerial will improve reception.
Customers are recommended to contact their provider regarding any issues with reception to ask for advice. It is the responsibility of the provider to ensure that they can provide you with reception.
Roots
Unfortunately roots like branches, do not take into account property boundaries. Roots growing into neighbouring properties is a natural occurrence and only in certain circumstances will tree roots cause damage.
A common misconception is that roots will crush or break underground pipes. If roots have entered a pipe, this will most often be due to a fault within the pipe which the root has then taken advantage of. Replacing the broken pipe will be necessary.
As in the case of branches you can legally prune roots back to the boundary. The same legal issues relate to roots as they do for branches – See Legal Rights above. It is recommended that advice from a suitably qualified arboricultural expert should be sort before any root pruning takes place.
Where a tree has grown close to a building, or a property has been located in close proximity to a tree, direct damage can be caused, usually in the form of a root pushing up and lifting surfaces or lightweight structure. Often the damage can easily be repaired without the need for pruning. "
More Detailed Views and Reponses to Tree Issues From an Owners (Council) Perspective
The following extracts provide insight into both sides of some typical tree issues, they are taken from the East Devon District Council website and show their real world approach to these often difficult issues from an Owners perspective.
Trees on East Devon council land - Tree management guidance - East Devon
"Unsafe Trees, Diseased and Damaged Trees
Where concern has been raised about the safety or condition of a tree, the council will ensure that the tree is inspected as part of its duty of care of which all land owners have responsibility. Resident’s are likely to be asked a few key questions to help the council establish a response time to enable resources to be effectively used. Often, trees which may be considered dangerous are often not the case.
Trees have evolved to be able to cope with strong winds by being flexible which helps dissipate the winds energy and can respond to changes in their condition and environment by putting on adaptive growth. Research has suggested that trees are thought to be at least 4.5 times stronger than they need to be.
Council tree management response:
Trees Touching or Damaging Buildings
Where trees are touching a building the council will aim to achieve a clearance where possible of at least 1.5m. It maybe necessary to remove the tree if it is considered to be in an inappropriate location.
Council tree management response:
Trees Obstructing Roads, Paths, Lamp Posts
Where a council tree is causing an obstruction to roads, right of way, signs or lampposts, the council will carry out appropriate pruning to ensure clearance. Over roads, this will ensure clearance to 5.2m and footpaths to 2.4m.
Council tree management response:
Shading - "The Tree is Too Large"
It is often the case that residents expect the trees and hedges next to their property to be maintained and pruned by the council as a matter of course. However, as often misquoted, there is no right to light in a garden. The law in relation to the right to light refers to where it can be established that there has been 20 years of uninterrupted enjoyment of light which applies to a window or opening within a building. Just because a tree is large, it does not mean that a tree is dangerous. Where concern is raised about the safety of a tree, the council will inspect the tree. See Tree Inspection.
Council tree management response:
Solar Panels
Residents should understand that shading will effect the efficiency of solar panels and therefore the effects of any trees nearby which may cause shading should be considered by residents. Whilst the council recognises the importance of renewable energy resources, trees are also important in tackling climate change.
Council tree management response:
Television Reception
As with the right to light, there is no right to television reception. Trees can cause interference with TV reception especially during periods of exceptional weather. The effects of nearby trees on reception should be considered if installing satellite television. Often, relocating an aerial will improve receptions. Customers are recommended to contact their provider regarding any issues with reception to ask for advice. It is the responsibility of the provider to ensure that they can provide you with reception.
Council tree management response:
Overhanging Branches
There is no legal requirement for owners of trees to prune overhanging branches back to the boundary. Residents can legally prune overhanging branches back to boundary but no further. (It is recommended that residents check before carrying out any work that the trees are not protected).
Council tree management response:
Leaf Litter, Bird Droppings, Honey Dew, Aphid Damage
These are all natural occurrences which typically occur at certain times of the year and in the majority of cases, the benefits of the trees are considered to outweigh these short term annoyances. Unfortunately the wind does not take any notice of property boundaries and it should be expected that the wind will blow leaves around. The clearance of leaves from gutters and pathways , and removal of self setting seeds such as Sycamores seeds are considered to be part of a normal routine general maintenance which is expected to be carried out by property owners. Honeydew is caused by aphids which excrete a sugary sap. Some species of Lime tree are particularly prune to aphids and these species are avoided when replanting. Pruning is not considered to be an effective way of helping to control any of these issues.
Council tree management response:
View From a Private Property
There is no right to a view and residents should take note of any trees on public land near to their property prior to purchasing as trees over time will grow.
Council tree management response:
Medical Conditions (allergies), Bees or Wasps
Trees can in the case of pollen and hay fever can have a detrimental impact on the health of an individual. However, due to the nature of windborne pollen, pollen can travel considerable distances.
Council tree management policy:
Poisonous Berries
It is well know that some trees bear berries or foliage that is poisonous. Thankfully, the incidents of poisoning is very rare and a realistic approach is considered to be an appropriate response to be taken by both the council and member of the public.
Council tree management policy:
Roots
Unfortunately roots like branches, do not take into account property boundaries. Roots growing into neighbouring properties is a natural occurrence and only in very rare circumstances will tree roots cause damage. A common misconception is that roots will crush or break underground pipes. If roots have entered a pipe, this will be due to a fault within the pipe which the root has then taken advantage of. Replacing the broken pipe will be necessary. Residents can legally prune roots back to the boundary provided the tree is not protected by a TPO. However this is not recommended and advice from a suitably qualified arboricultural expert should be sort before any pruning takes place. Where a tree has grown or a building or property has been located in close proximity to a tree, direct damage can be caused, usually in the form of a root pushing up and lifting surfaces or lightweight structure. Often the damage can easily be repaired without the need for pruning. Each enquiry relating to root damage shall be dealt with on an individual basis.
Council tree management policy:
Tree-related Subsidence
If you are concerned that your property is suffering from subsidence damage due to the influence of council-owned or managed vegetation, you are advised to contact your property insurer for advice. All cases of tree related subsidence shall be considered based on the provision of sufficient detailed evidence as set out in The Joint Mitigation Protocol.
Council tree management policy:
Trees Next to Public Highways or Footpaths
Trees situated next to the public highways or public footpaths are generally managed by Devon County Council. If you have any concerns about a tree please report them using their on-line form email customer@devon.gov.uk or phone 01392 385084.
Trees and vegetation - Roads and transport (devon.gov.uk)
Vegetation should be cut back to maintain the minimum required clearances for roads and footways:
Ivy on Trees, Should it Be Removed? - Usually Not!
I detail below extracts from the Arboricultural Association and RHS.
Arboricultural Association - Should Ivy be removed from trees?
Ivy on trees and as a ground cover weed / RHS Gardening
In Summary - Ivy does not usually cause harm to the tree (it does not strangle trees or significantly compete for water or nutrients), the environmental benefits to wildlife and cost of removal usually outweigh any reasons for removing it.
Ivy is an important wildlife habitat providing hiding, roosting, hibernating and nesting places for various animals, birds and insects (including butterflies), particularly during the winter months and in areas where there are few other evergreens. The arboreal form is also an invaluable late nectar source for many pollinating insects and the fruits an important food source for birds.
Possible valid reasons for removal could be when the tree has been grown for its notable bark, the owner simply doesn't like the look of it (despite knowledge of its environmental benefits), or when the Ivy's weight (particularly when wet or by adding increased sail area) may increase risk of branch or tree failure in a particularly weak/frail and usually declining tree.
Ivy may also need to be removed to properly inspect a tree for safety reasons, or to facilitate some tree care activities.
Main Tree Pruning Descriptions
Crown Thinning or Crown Thin
Crown thinning is the removal of a portion of smaller/tertiary branches, usually at the outer crown, to produce a uniform density of foliage around an evenly spaced branch structure. It is usually confined to broad-leaved species. Crown thinning does not alter the overall size or shape of the tree. Material should be removed systematically throughout the tree, should not exceed the stated percentage and not more than 30% overall. Common reasons for crown thinning are to allow more light to pass through the tree, reduce wind resistance, reduce weight (but this does not necessarily reduce leverage on the structure) and is rarely a once-only operation particularly on species that are known to produce large amounts of epicormic growth.
Crown Lifting or Crown Raising
Crown lifting is the removal of the lowest branches and/or preparing of lower branches for future removal. Good practice dictates crown lifting should not normally include the removal of large branches growing directly from the trunk as this can cause large wounds which can become extensively decayed leading to further long term problems or more short term biomechanical instability. Crown lifting on older, mature trees should be avoided or restricted to secondary branches or shortening of primary branches rather than the whole removal wherever possible. Crown lifting is an effective method of increasing light transmission to areas closer to the tree or to enable access under the crown but should be restricted to less than 15% of the live crown height and leave the crown at least two thirds of the total height of the tree. Crown lifting should be specified with reference to a fixed point, e.g. ‘crown lift to give 5.5m clearance above ground level’.
Crown Reduction
The reduction in height and/or spread of the crown (the foliage bearing portions) of a tree. Crown reduction may be used to reduce mechanical stress on individual branches or the whole tree, make the tree more suited to its immediate environment or to reduce the effects of shading and light loss, etc. The final result should retain the main framework of the crown, and so a significant proportion of the leaf bearing structure, and leave a similar, although smaller outline, and not necessarily achieve symmetry for its own sake. Crown reduction cuts should be as small as possible and in general not exceed 100mm diameter unless there is an overriding need to do so. Reductions should be specified by actual measurements, where possible, and reflect the finished result, but may also refer to lengths of parts to be removed to aid clarity, e.g. ‘crown reduce in height by 2.0m and lateral spread by 1.0m, all round, to finished crown dimensions of 18m in height by 11m in spread (all measurements approximate.)’. Not all species are suitable for this treatment and crown reduction should not be confused with ‘topping’, an indiscriminate and harmful treatment.
Lopping and Topping
Generally regarded as outdated terminology but still included as part of Planning legislation. Lopping refers to the removal of large side branches (the making of vertical cuts) and topping refers to the removal of large portions of the crown of the tree (the making of horizontal cuts, generally through the main stems). Often used to describe crude, heavy-handed or inappropriate pruning.
Extracts above from the Arboricultural Association –
https://www.trees.org.uk/Help-Advice/Public/A-brief-guide-to-tree-work-terminology-and-definition
Pollarding
Pollarding is a method of pruning that keeps trees and shrubs smaller than they would naturally grow. It is normally started once a tree or shrub reaches a certain height, and annual pollarding will restrict the plant to that height.
Pollarding is a pruning technique used for many reasons, including:
- Preventing trees and shrubs outgrowing their allotted space
- Pollarding can reduce the shade cast by a tree
- May be necessary on street trees to prevent electric wires and streetlights being obstructed
These are a few of the trees it can be used on:
Ash (Fraxinus)
Common lime (Tilia × europaea)
Elm (Ulmus)
Elder (Sambucus)
Gum (Eucalyptus)
London plane (Platanus × hispanica)
Mulberry (Morus)
Oak (Quercus)
Some species of Acer (A. negundo and its cultivars)
Tulip tree (Liriodendron)
Pollarding a tree is usually done annually, and would need to be carried out every few years to avoid potential problems.
When to Pollard
The best time for pollarding many trees and shrubs is in late winter or early spring. However, bear in mind the following:
Avoid pruning Acer species in spring when they are prone to bleeding sap. Summer can be a suitable time to pollard. However, the new growth may be poor as a result of the scorch, drought or heavy shade cast by neighbouring trees. The least favourable time for pollarding is the autumn, as decay fungi may enter the pruning cuts.
How to Pollard
Young trees
Once young trees or shrubs have reached the desired height, you can begin to pollard them. This involves choosing a framework:
- On a shrub, this might be one stem cut to a metre high – a mass of stems will grow from the top
- With a tree, it is more typical to leave a trunk supporting three or five branches – these branches are cut back to a desirable length and the twiggy growth appears at these ends
Initially, the new branches are held weakly in place as they grow rapidly from underneath the bark, rather than from within the tree. As the wood lays down annual growth rings, the union strengthens, often forming a thickened base where the shoot meets the trunk. Over a number of years, a swollen 'pollard head' forms where new shoots grow each year.
Maintaining a Pollard
Once a tree or shrub is pollarded, continue the annual cycle of cutting.
Branches should be pruned just above the previous pollarding cuts. In some cases, such as where some leaf cover is required, leave some branches intact or cut back to a side branch.
Rejuvenating an Overgrown Pollard Tree
Remove any spindly and weakly-attached branches.Consider whether the branches can be thinned out, and reduced in length, to create a tree-like framework, effectively restoring the pollard to a tree.
It may be possible to remove all the branches that have grown from the stumps of the old pollards. London plane (Platanus × hispanica) responds to this treatment, Horse chestnut (Aesculus × hippocastanum) needs to be cut to a higher point in the tree, rather than to the original pollards. This avoids exposing large amounts of old wood, but creates a second set of pollard heads. In some cases, such as with hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior), it is beneficial to retain some of the branches. Likewise, some oak trees, such as Quercus robur and Q. petraea, do best when substantial portions of their main branches are retained.
After any major work, the tree should be monitored for any further maintenance required.
Problems
Trees with weaker wood prone to producing multiple shoots, such as poplar (Populus) and willow (Salix) can become hazardous. Some of the weakly-attached branches can break off and fall to the ground. Ideally, try to return to a frequent cutting cycle, a similar problem can occur with trees such as beech (Fagus sylvatica), oak (Quercus robur) and sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa). The branches become heavy when pollarding lapses for several decades, and these may break away in windy weather.
Above extracts taken from - https://www.rhs.org.uk/advice/profile?PID=156